General Format
Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of Publication, Publisher, Publication Date.
*Note: The City of Publication should only be used if the book was published before 1900, if the publisher has offices in more than one country, or if the publisher is unknown in North America.
Books with 1 author:
Bontemps, Arna. Free at Last: the Life of Frederick Douglass. Dodd, Mead & Company, 1971.
Washington, Booker T. Frederick Douglass. Greenwood, 1969.
Book with 2 or more authors:
Heywood, Linda Marinda, et al., editors. African Americans in US Foreign Policy: from the Era of Frederick Douglass to the Age of Obama. University of Illinois Press, 2015.
Chapter or section from a book:
Martin, Waldo E. “Frederick Douglass: Humanist as Race Leader.” Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century, edited by Leon Litwack and August Meier, Univ. of Illinois Press, Urbana, Ill., 1991, pp. 59–86.
Ebooks from a database:
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999. EBook Collection, silk.library.umass.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=56521&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Douglass, Frederick. My Bondage and My Freedom. Arno Press, 1968. Ebook Central, ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nscc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3314416.
Ebook from a website:
Douglass, Frederick. “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Written by Himself.” Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina, 1999, docsouth.unc.edu/neh/douglass/douglass.html.
Article from a reference book:
“Douglass, Frederick 1818–1895.” Encyclopedia of Race and Racism, Gale, Farmington, MI, 2013. Credo Reference, proxy6.noblenet.org/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/galerace/douglass_frederick_1818_1895/0.
Video from a database:
Presenting Mr. Frederick Douglass: The Lesson of the Hour. Films Media Group, 1994, fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=97330&xtid=4930.
General Format
AuthorLastname, Firstname (followed by any other part of the name listed). "Article Title." Periodical Title. Volume, Issue number, Date, page numbers. URL.
Journal articles with 1 author:
Kohn, Margaret. “Frederick Douglass's Master-Slave Dialectic.” Journal of Politics, vol. 67, no. 2, 2005, pp. 497–514., JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/343300.
MacKethan, Lucinda H. “From Fugitive Slave to Man of Letters: The Conversion of Frederick Douglass.” Journal of Narrative Technique, edited by Russel Whitaker, vol. 16, no. 1, 1986, pp. 55–71. Literature Resource Center, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GLS&sw=w&u=mlin_n_danvers&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE|H1420058750&asid=2bf27784b92976af56afa0725a9a6f9c.
Journal article with 2 or more authors:
Axelrod, J. B. C., and Rise B. Axelrod. “Reading Frederick Douglass through Foucault's Panoptic Lens: A Proposal for Teaching Close Reading.” Pacific Coast Philology Vol. 39, 2004, pp. 112–127. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25474159.
Leverenz, David, and Barbara Foley. “The Documentary Mode in Black Literature.” PMLA, vol. 96, no. 1, 1981, pp. 105–107. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/462008.
Newspaper articles:
Blow, Charles M. “A Lesson in Black History.” The New York Times, June 2017, p. A21(L). The New York Times, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=SPN.SP24&sw=w&u=mlin_n_danvers&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE|A480173243&asid=8996555886b97c28ba209dddcd0c8880.
Puleo, Stephen. "When Boston Awoke." Boston Globe, Apr 11, 2010, pp. C.1, Boston Globe, https://search.proquest.com/docview/404747049?accountid=34857.
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