Images
Images Used in the Hawthorne in Salem Website
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Joseph Aitteon, c. 1862 Aitteon was a Penobscot guide for Thoreau in Maine in 1853. |
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Chief Big Thunder (Frank Loring) Chief Big Thunder (Frank Loring) (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Clara Paul Wearing Traditional Penobscot Clothing, circa 1840 Clara Paul, Penobscot Indian (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Unidentified Men Paddling a Penobscot Birch-bark Canoe Paddling a Penobscot Birch-bark Canoe (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Henry David Thoreau Daguerreotype taken of Henry David Thoreau at age 39 in 1856. (courtesy of The Thoreau Society) |
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Penobscot Indian Basket Twisted Splint Ash Porcupine Basket. Penobscot Indian, 1946/48. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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A Chief's Collar(Red wool, glass beads) Mid-Nineteenth Century Penobscot Indian. Chief's Collar, Mid-Nineteenth Century Penobscot Indian (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Penobscot Indian Knife A Carved Crook Knife. Mid-Nineteenth Century Penobscot Indian. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Penobscot Indian Powder Horn Late-Eighteenth, Early-Nineteenth Century (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Penobscot Indian Engraved Box; Eighteenth Century (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Penobscot Birch-bark Vessel with Etched Designs Birch-bark Vessel (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Penobscot Indian Brown Ash Baskets Penobscot Indian Brown Ash baskets made by Master Basket Maker Barbara D. Francis of Indian Island, Old Town, Maine. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Penobscot Curly Bowl Basket, 20” round x 5.50” high Brown Ash and Sweet Grass Penobscot Indian Curly Bowl Basket made by Barbara D. Francis of Indian Island, Old Town, Maine. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Penobscot Brown Ash Egg Basket, Barbara D. Francis Penobscot Indian Egg Basket by Barbara D. Francis, Indian Island, Old Town, Maine. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Penobscot Rosie Work Basket by Barbara D. Francis. Penobscot Indian Rosie Work Basket by Barbara D. Francis, Indian Island, Old Town, Maine. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Penobscot Two-Tone Porcupine Weave Basket, Barbara D. Francis Penobscot Indian Two-Tone Porcupine Weave Basket by Barbara D. Francis, Indian Island, Old Town, Maine. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Restored Hawthorne House at South Casco, built by Richard Manning for his sister, Nathaniel Hawthorne's mother Before being taken over and restored by the Hawthorne Association, the house was the Radoux Meeting House. Francis Radoux, who married Richard Manning's widow, made the house a community meeting place to satisfy a provision in Manning's will which left money for this purpose. (courtesy of Raymond Woman's Club,Cardinal Publishing.) |
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Twice-Told Tales, The Cover of Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales, "Salem Edition," published in 1893 by Houghton, Mifflin and Company, The Riverside Press, Cambridge. (Photography by Joseph R. Modugno) |
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Twice-Told Tales, the "Salem Edition," 1893, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, The Riverside Press, Cambridge. Title Page of Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales, the "Salem Edition," 1893. (Photography by Joseph R. Modugno) |
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Illustration by Frank T. Merrill of Shem Drowne’s Indian warrior weathervane that stood on top of the Province House in Boston Shem Drowne was a renowned weather vane-maker of the mid 1700s. The illustration was for "Howe's Masquerade" in In Colonial Days published by L.C. Page & Co. in 1906 (2) (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Tombstone of Wm. & Elinor Hollingworth (-1688)in Charter Street Burying Point, Salem, MA Tombstone of William and Elinor Hollingworth in The Charter Street Burying Point, Salem, MA. The name of the reformer in The Blithedale Romance, Hollingsworth, was probably suggested by the name of William Hollingworth. (photography by Bruce Hibbard) |
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Tombstone of Mary Touzel Hathorne (1722?-1805),widow of Captain William Hathorne, a son of Joseph Hathorne. Tombstone of Mary Touzel Hathorne (1722?-1805), widow of Captain William Hathorne, a son of Joseph Hathorne. Mary was one of two daughters of John Touzel (or Tousel), a well-educated goldsmith and mariner, and Susannah English, the daughter of accused witches, Philip English and Mary Hollingworth. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Simon Forrester House, 188 Derby Street in Salem at the corner of Hodges Court The house has been significantly altered from the original, believed to have been designed by Samuel McIntire around 1790. The house is located next door to the Custom House and was convenient to the Central Wharf. Significant alterations have been made in the house since World War I, resulting in the removal of many of its original architectural details. Forrester, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, was brought to the U.S. by Captain Daniel Hathorne (1731-1796), Hawthorne's grandfather. Forrester married the daughter of Captain Daniel Hathorne and Rachel Phelps Hathorne (1734-1814). Also named Rachel, she was Nathaniel's cousin. Forrester became wealthy during the Revolutionary War, but his reputation is tainted by stories of his alcoholism. Hawthorne inserts Forrester into The Custom House Sketch, calling him "old Simon Forrester." (photography by Bruce Hibbard) |
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Whale Chart Whale Chart, 1851, prepared by Lieutenant Matthew Fontaine Maury, based upon reports by whalers in all the world's seas. |
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Model of Try-works Model of Try-works, the brick ovens used on whaling ships for reducing blubber. Model built by Salem brick mason Anthony Della Monica ca. 1936. |
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"Uses of the Sperm Whale," 1844 Lithograph with images of the uses surrounding a depiction of a whale hunt |
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"Uses of the Baleen Whale," 1844 Lithograph that includes images of umbrella ribs and corset stays surrounding a depiction of Eskimos eating whale meat |
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Ambergris Sample of ambergris, the waxy substance from some sperm whales' intestines used as a fixative for perfume and also as medicine and flavoring, sometimes more valuable than whale oil. |
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Shipboard lamp Shipboard lamp used on early 19th century New Bedford whaler. The lamp is on a swinging stand in order to remain level at sea. |
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Crude and Refined Sperm Whale Oil Two clear glass containers of "Crude and Refined Sperm Whale Oil," specimens from a New Bedford producer in 1909. The unrefined oil has crystalized wax near the surface; the refined was used for lubrication and in lamps. |
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Umbrella with Baleen Ribs A late 19th century umbrella with baleen ribs from a baleen whale. |
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French corset, ca. 1893 Late 19th century French corset with strips of baleen or "whalebone" sewn into its hourglass frame. |
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Scrimshawed whale's teeth Mid-19th century matching pair of scrimshawed whale's teeth depicting ships. |
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Pastoral Canvas-work Picture, 1735-1750 Mid-18th century Pastoral Canvas-work picture by Sarah Ropes of Salem, depicting birds, ladies, and livestock. |
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Pastoral Canvas-work Picture, 1750-1780 Mid-18th century Pastoral Canvas-work picture by unidentified Salem or Boston artist, depicting lady, gentleman, and flower. |
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Pastoral Canvas-work Picture, ca. 1765 Pastoral Canvas work picture of ca. 1765 by Sarah Chamberlain, depicting lady, dog, and birds. |
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1822 Sampler 1822 Sampler by Sarah Prescott of Westford (Forge Village), Massachusetts, depicting trees and grapevines and a floral vine border surrounding an acrostic verse for "virtue." |
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1788 Sampler 1788 Sampler by Sally Rust of Salem, depicting lady, gentleman, sheep, and landscape. |
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1778 Sampler 1778 Sampler by Nabby Mason Peele, depicting, in characteristic work of Essex County, Massachusetts, lady, gentleman, sheep, and such phrasing as "Beneath the slaughtered lamb inscribed." |
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10 1/2 (also called 12) Herbert St. in Salem In Hawthorne's time, this may have been 12 Herbert St.; there is no 12 Herbert St. today. In Salem directories, the house is usually listed as 10 Herbert St. As parts of the house were at times rented, this may have resulted in the altered house numbers. Hawthorne moved into this house with his widowed mother and two sisters during the spring of 1808. In his journals he refers to this house as "Castle Dismal." When the Hathornes moved in, the house was owned and occupied by Hawthorne's mother's parents, the Mannings, and their eight children. The house was crowded, and Margaret Moore and others refer to Nathaniel sleeping in the same bed with his uncle Robert (aged 24 when Nathaniel was 4), but in her book The Salem World of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Margaret Moore explains that beds were in short supply in large families in early nineteenth century New England (60). (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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The First Quaker Meeting House From chapter XV entitled "Quaker Persecution" Sidney Perley's The History of Salem Massachusetts, Vol. II, 1926 Drawing (pencil sketch)by James Henry Emerton, 1861 (as meeting house stood in Gallows Hill pasture as a woodshed) (special thanks to Salem Public Library.) |
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Thomas Maule House Thomas Maule House. From Sidney Perley's The History of Salem Massachusetts, Vol. II. |
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Thomas Maule's Signature Thomas Maule Autograph. From Sidney Perley's The History of Salem Massachusetts, Vol. II. |
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Nicholas Phelps House Nicholas Phelps House. From Sidney Perley's The History of Salem Massachusetts, Vol. II. |
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This is William Wood's map, taken from his book, New England's Prospect,which includes one of the earliest descriptive accounts of Salem, Massachusetts, the local Indians, and the natural environment. |
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"Whipping Post," Salem An illustration of a whipping post from Sidney Perley's The History of Salem Massachusetts, 1924. The whipping post in Salem was set up in 1657. The constable was paid two shillings and six pence for each person he whipped. In November of 1667, constables were released from whipping, and the town agreed to hired a whipper. |
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An illustration of a pillory from Sidney Perley's The History of Salem Massachusetts, 1924. Salem's pillory was set up in 1642. (special thanks to Salem Public Library.) |
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"Stocks" An illustration of stocks from Sidney Perley's The History of Salem Massachusetts, 1924. Stocks were in use in Salem from the settlement's earliest days. They were located outside in the most conspicuous places. The use of stocks for public punishment ended in Salem in or before 1805. |
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"A Tanglewood Tale," a play about the relationship between Hawthorne and Melville in the Berkshires by Juliane and Stephen Glantz Publicity photo of Dan McCleary as Herman Melville and James Goodwin Rice as Nathaniel Hawthorne as they celebrate the publication of "Moby-Dick" at the Curtis Hotel, Lenox, in Shakespeare and Company's 2001 production of "A Tanglewood Tale." (courtesy of Shakespeare and Company) |
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Portrait of Charles W. Upham (1802 - 1876) Charles W. Upham was the author of Salem Witchcraft (1867), as well as a series of earlier lectures on the Salem Witchcraft hysteria. Nathaniel Hawthorne was displeased with Upham's harsh portrayal of John Hathorne's role in the 1692 persecutions. |
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"The Eyes of the Wrinkled Scholar Glowed" from chapter entitled "The Interview" of The Scarlet Letter Chillingworth is called to prison cell as healer to aid Hester and her ailing Pearl in this illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letterpublished by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (87) |
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The Lonesome Dwelling from chapter entitled "Hester at Her Needle" in The Scarlet Letter Illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (93) |
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Lonely Footsteps from chapter entitled "Hester at Her Needle" in The Scarlet Letter Illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (99) |
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A Touch of Pearl's Baby-Hand from the chapter entitled "Pearl" in The Scarlet Letter Illustration of Hester and her baby Pearl from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (113) |
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"Look thou to it! I will not lose the child!" from chapter entitled "The Elf-child and the Minister" of The Scarlet Letter Illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (135) |
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The Minister and Leech from chapter entitled "The Leech" of The Scarlet Letter Illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (148) |
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"They stood in the noon of that strange splendor" from chapter entitled "The Minister's Vigil" in The Scarlet Letter Illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (185) |
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"He gathered herbs here and there" from chapter entitled "Hester and Pearl" in The Scarlet Letter Illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston (213) |
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Pearl on the Sea-Shore from chapter entitled "Hester and Pearl" in The Scarlet Letter Illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (217) |
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"Wilt thou yet forgive me?"from chapter entitled "The Pastor and His Parishoner" in The Scarlet Letter Illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (237) |
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A Gleam of Sunshine from chapter entitled "A Flood of Sunshine" in The Scarlet Letter Illustration from Chapter "A Flood of Sunshine" from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (249) |
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The Child at the Brook-side from the chapter of the same name in The Scarlet Letter Illustration from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by Charles R. Osgood & Co. in Boston. Illustration drawn by Mary Hallock Foote and engraved by A.V.S. Anthony. (257) |
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Joseph Waters House (later the Bertram Home for Aged Men)114 Derby and Turner Sts., Salem (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Tombstone of Judge John Hathorne, Hawthorne's great-great grandfather Gravestone of John Hathorne, Hawthorne's great-great-grandfather, who was a presiding judge at the Salem witch trials. In the row of Hathornes, the judge is the second from the right. The inscription on the tombstone reads: Here lyes inter de y body of Co lo Ioh n Hathorne Esq r Aged 76 years who died May ey 10th 1717 (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Beatrice Cenci A figure of Beatrice Cenci sculpted by Harriet Hosmer. This work and others reflect the interest in Beatrice Cenci in the 19th century. |
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Beata Beatrix by D.G. Rossetti This Pre-Raphaelite painting by D.G. Rossetti reveals the continuing interest in Dante's Divine Comedy and the figure of Beatrice. (courtesy of the Tate Gallery, London) |
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The Meeting of Dante with Beatrice by Henry Holiday This painting by Henry Holiday presents the first meeting of Dante and Beatrice. Its composition attempts to convey the admiration Dante felt for Beatrice. |
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Original score of "Federal Street," a hymn by Henry K. Oliver, a resident of Salem and a contemporary of Hawthorne |
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John Ward House, Brown St. opposite Howard, (originally at 38 St. Peter St.) built after 1684 This is one of the best examples of 17th century wood-frame-and-and clapboard houses in New England. In December 1684 John Ward, a currier, purchased the land at 38 St. Peter St. and had a one-room-plan house with steep-pitched roof and overhang constructed. After his death in 1732, the house was enlarged. In 1910 the Essex Institute purchased the house, restored it, and moved it to its present location on Brown St. The house is open to visitors and offers a glimpse into life in 17th-century New England. |
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Samuel Shattock Gravestone Charter Street Burial Ground, Salem (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Charles Upham's Salem Witchcraft Title Page from Charles Upham's Salem Witchcraft (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Dr. Emerson Baker,Professor of History, Salem State College Dr. Baker is one of the consulting historians on the Hawthorne in Salem Website project. He delivered the lecture "Using Material Culture to Teach History and Literature," at The House of the Seven Gables Historic Site on September 22, 2000. (photography by Lou Procopio) |
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The Black Man of the Forest with His Familiar Illustration from Chap-Book of the 18th Century by John Ashton (L.Chatto and Windus,1882). Witches were thought to own or associate with strange animals and evil creatures called "familiars." These are described in many of the original documents of the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Kitchen fireplace Fireplace in kitchen in House of Seven Gables. Hepzibah and Phoebe would have prepared meals using such a fireplace. (courtesy of The House of the Seven Gables Historic Site) |
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Indian figurehead Carved wooden Indian figurehead in the Peabody Essex Museum (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Charter Street Burying Point, established 1637; oldest cemetery in Salem Charter Street Burying Point, Oldest cemetery in Salem, established in 1637. (photography by Bruce Hibbard) |
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The John Tucker Daland House, formerly the Essex Institute (in Hawthorne's time known as the Essex Historical Society) is now part of the Peabody Essex Museum. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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House of the Turner-Ingersoll House, aka "The House of the Seven Gables" in Salem from the garden View of the House of the Seven Gables from the garden (photography by Dan Popp) |
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Hawthorne's attic study, The Wayside, Concord, MA Hawthorne's attic study in The Wayside, one of the houses where he and Sophia lived from the winter of 1852 to July of 1853 in Concord. In 1853 they moved to Liverpool, England, where Hawthorne served as the American consul in Liverpool.The Wayside was the only house Hawthorne owned. (photography by Dan Popp) |
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Portrait of Simon Forrester, eighteenth-century Salem merchant This portrait hangs in the Phillips Library of the Peabody Essex Museum. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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The Shop Bell at the House of the Seven Gables Historic Site (courtesy of Shakespeare and Company) |
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Adam & Eve Fireback at the House of the Seven Gables Historic Site The story of the seduction of Adam and Eve by Satan in the Garden of Eden was common knowledge to residents of Hawthorne's Salem. This fireback shows the snake entwined about the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and is a dramatic representation of the relationship of men and women to evil and to their acquisition of original sin. (courtesy of The House of the Seven Gables Historic Site) |
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"Old Esther Dudley" Title page drawing by Frank T. Merrill from In Colonial Days,published by L.C. Page & Co. in 1906 (83) |
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"Take This Key and keep it safe" Illustration by Frank T. Merrill for "Old Esther Dudley" from In Colonial Days,published by L.C. Page & Co. in 1906 (92) |
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"A Few of the Stanch, though Crestfallen Old Tories" Illustration by Frank T. Merrill for "Old Esther Dudley" from In Colonial Days,published by L.C. Page & Co. in 1906 (95) |
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"The King of England's Birthday" Illustration by Frank T. Merrill for "Old Esther Dudley" from In Colonial Days,published by L.C. Page & Co. in 1906 (99) |
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Hester on the Scaffold This image appears in the January 1991 edition of the Essex Institute Historical Collection, vol. 127, no. 1. It is a reprint of the illustration by Mary Hallock Foote from the 1878 edition of The Scarlet Letter published by James R. Osgood. Dr. Rita Gollin, author of the article in the EIHCentitled "The Scarlet Letter" which features this image, notes that "[w]hile Foote was not the first to illustrate the novel, her portraits of Hester are unusual in their reality, dense detail, and centrality to the composition" (17). (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Arthur Dimmesdale Fig. 4. Wood engraving by Barry Moser for the Pennyroyal Press from the January 1991 edition of the Essex Institute Historical Collection, vol. 127, no. 1; originally printed in 1984 edition of The Scarlet Letter(New York: Harcourt Brace and Jovanovich, 1984)Referring to the image in the 1984 HBJ edition, Dr. Rita Gollin, author of the essay "The Scarlet Letter," points out that "Mosler's images play an active interpretive role in this edition, particularly this final image showing Arthur Dimmesdale with his eyes downcast and the scar of an "A" clearly visible on his chest" (28). (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Zenobia, illustration from the Essex Institute Historical Collectionvolume entitled "From Cover to Cover: The Presentation of Hawthorne's Major Romances" This image accompanies an article by Dr. Melinda Ponder entitled "The Blithedale Romance." The image is reproduced from the frontispiece of an edition of The Blithedale Romance published in Philadelphia by Henry Altemus c. 1900. The caption in the EIHC article reads, "Zenobia portrayed as a fashionable beauty, ca. 1900"(62). (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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John Hathorne, 1717, Charter St. Burying Ground Slate gravestone of Magistrate John Hathorne (1641-1717), Charter Street Cemetery, Salem (The Burying Point, 1637). Hawthorne's great-great grandfather was at the center of the witchcraft hysteria of 1692--as an interrogator of the accused and as a member of the infamous Court of Oyer and Terminer. (Photography by Joseph R. Modugno) |
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The Burying Point, 1637, Salem |
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The Burying Point, 1637, Salem The Burying Point, Salem's oldest cemetery, dates from 1637 and contains the remains and gravemarkers of many prominent people in Salem's history. Some of Hawthorne's early ancestors are buried here, as well as individuals associated with the witchcraft episode and China trade period. The burial ground is situated on what was once a bluff, projecting into the South River. Cattle used to graze in the burial ground, and for several years it was the site of John Horne's windmill. (Photography by Joseph R. Modugno) |
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Illustrator's Depiction of Hepzibah's Shop From Literary Houses - Ten Famous Houses in Fiction (courtesy of Facts On File, Inc) |
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The eagle which sits on top of the Salem Custom House was sculpted by Joseph True. (courtesy of Salem Maritime National Historic Site) |
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Portrait of Abigail Gerrish by John Greenwood c. 1750 which resembles Hepzibah Pyncheon The young woman in the painting is Abigail Gerrish's granddaughter. (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Carved Wooden Figurehead of Female Figure in Green Dress (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Carved Wooden Figurehead of Female Figure in White Drape (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Portrait of Sarah Erving Waldo An example of the portraiture for which Copley was known. |
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Title Page of First Edition of Moby-Dick On display in "The Age of Moby-Dick" exhibit in the Maritime Section of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, MA (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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"Cachalot Fishery "1824 Lithograph of sperm whaling "Cachalot Fishery 1824," that is described extensively in Moby-Dick and singled out in Moby-Dick as "by far the finest, though in some details not the most correct, presentation of whales and whaling scenes to be anywhere found." (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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"Attacking the Right Whale" by Ambroise Louis Garneray Oil painting with ship by French artist Ambroise Louis Garneray [whom Melville praises in Moby-Dick]"Attacking the Right Whale," ca. 1835, source for Currier and Ives prints and others (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Unidentified picture of White-whale (Great-Headed Cachalot), ca. 1870 This picture of a White-whale may be a reference to Moby-Dick (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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Sperm whale jaw On display in maritime section of Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, MA (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
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The Old Routes of Travel in Essex County, circa 1633. Map of Early Travel Routes in Essex County Area from Sidney Perley'sHistory of Salem, 1924. According to Perley this map was found in the British Museum's Sloane collection by Henry Fitz Waters of Salem in the early 1900s. The map was made about 1633. These paths were the ways of least resistance and were probably made first by animals, then used by Native Americans for centuries. They were adopted by the English settlers and became some of the first streets in the early towns. We use many of these old trails still today, thought they have been paved and widened over the years. |
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Mirror like Esther Dudley’s Mirror such as Esther Dudley may have looked into. (courtesy of The Beverly Historical Society) |
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Plate II, Adam and Eve, Derby Family Bible, Universal Bible, 1759 ed. Print of Adam and Eve as Their Disobedience to God in the Garden of Eden Brings Sin and Death into the World, the Original Sin Precipitating the Fall of All Humanity (courtesy of Salem Maritime National Historic Site) |
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Dr. John W. Stuart, Chair, Department of English, Manchester-Essex Regional High School, Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA (courtesy of Dr. John W. Stuart) |
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Development Team for Native Americans and Blacks in Hawthorne: Professor Cathy Eaton, Department of English, New Hampshire Technical Institute and Professor Joseph Modugno, Department of English, North Shore Community College |
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Alienation and the Artist Development Team: Mr. Richard Murphy, North Shore Community College and Dr. Melissa Pennell, University of Massachusetts, Lowell |
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Persecution of Quakers and Witches Development Team: Professor Joseph Modugno, North Shore Community College and Mr. David Donavel, Masconomet High School |
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Faith and Religion Development Team: Dr. John Stuart, Manchester High School, and Mr. David Donavel, Masconomet High School |
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Hawthorne and Women Development Team: Professor Cathy Eaton, New Hampshire Technical Institute, and Dr. Melissa Pennell, University of Massachusetts, Lowell |
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Black Stone Bear Black Stone Bear. Igneous Rock. Pawtucket Indian Artist. Ca. 16th Century (courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA) |
